{
 "id": "geburten-sterbefaelle",
 "title": {
  "de": "Geburten, Ehen, Sterbefälle und Wanderung 1858–1867",
  "en": "Births, marriages, deaths and migration, 1858–1867"
 },
 "category": "population",
 "section": "t1-2-1",
 "merges": [
  "bevoelkerung-natuerlicher-zuwachs-1858-1867",
  "bevoelkerung-geburten-1858-1867",
  "bevoelkerung-sterblichkeit-1858-1867",
  "bevoelkerung-uneheliche-geburten-1858-1867",
  "bevoelkerung-todtgeborene-1858-1867",
  "bevoelkerung-geburtensaldo-wanderung-1859-1867",
  "bevoelkerung-eheschliessungen-1858-1867",
  "bevoelkerung-sterblichkeit-lobenstein-1794-1804",
  "gesundheit-selbstmord-unglueck-1858-1867"
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "page": "107",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "111",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "114",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "109",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "98",
   "block": "b4"
  },
  {
   "page": "99",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "91",
   "block": "b4"
  },
  {
   "page": "92",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "112",
   "block": "b5"
  }
 ],
 "summary": {
  "de": "Brückner verzeichnet für 1858 bis 1867 im Durchschnitt 3.358 Geburten, 2.327 Sterbefälle und 855 Trauungen im Jahr. Der Geburtenüberschuss von 10.307 Personen war in jedem Jahr positiv. Fast jedes fünfte Kind kam unehelich zur Welt, in Lobenstein-Ebersdorf fast jedes vierte. Die Zählungen ergaben 6.168 Einwohner mehr; den Rest führt Brückner auf Wanderung zurück.",
  "en": "For 1858 to 1867 Brückner records on average 3,358 births, 2,327 deaths and 855 marriages a year. The surplus of births, 10,307 persons, was positive in every year. Almost one child in five was born out of wedlock, in Lobenstein-Ebersdorf almost one in four. The censuses show 6,168 more inhabitants; Brückner ascribes the rest to migration."
 },
 "findings": [
  {
   "de": "1858 bis 1867 wurden 33.577 Kinder geboren, darunter 1.753 tot, und 23.270 Menschen starben. Der Überschuss war 1865 mit 816 am kleinsten, 1860 mit 1.193 am größten.",
   "en": "Between 1858 and 1867, 33,577 children were born, 1,753 of them stillborn, and 23,270 people died. The surplus was smallest in 1865 (816) and largest in 1860 (1,193)."
  },
  {
   "de": "Im gedruckten Zehnjahresmittel waren 18,8 Prozent der Geborenen unehelich: 24,2 in Lobenstein-Ebersdorf, 18,3 in Schleiz, 15,9 in Gera. Der Anteil sank von 21,8 (1858) auf 16,7 Prozent (1867).",
   "en": "In the printed ten-year mean 18.8 percent of births were illegitimate: 24.2 in Lobenstein-Ebersdorf, 18.3 in Schleiz, 15.9 in Gera. The share fell from 21.8 (1858) to 16.7 percent (1867)."
  },
  {
   "de": "Dem Geburtenüberschuss von 9.312 (1859 bis 1867) stand eine Zunahme von nur 6.168 gegenüber; 3.144 Personen (34 Prozent) gingen durch Wanderung verloren, 2.414 davon in Lobenstein-Ebersdorf.",
   "en": "The surplus of births (9,312, 1859 to 1867) was matched by an increase of only 6,168; 3,144 persons (34 percent) were lost through migration, 2,414 of them in Lobenstein-Ebersdorf."
  }
 ],
 "method": {
  "de": "Übernommen wurden Brückners Jahrestabellen: Geborene (S. 107), Totgeborene (S. 111) und Gestorbene (S. 114) je Landratsbezirk, die unehelichen Geburten (S. 109), die Trauungen (S. 112) sowie die Dreijahresbilanz von Geburtenüberschuss, Zunahme und Wanderung (S. 98 f.). Berechnet wurden der Überschuss (Geborene minus Gestorbene, so wie Brückner ihn auf S. 98 f. bildet) und im dritten Diagramm die Summen der drei gedruckten Dreijahreswerte. Der Wanderungssaldo ist Brückners Restwert: Geburtenüberschuss minus Zunahme der Bevölkerung zwischen zwei Zählungen. Die Zehnjahresmittel für Städte und Landorte sind die von Brückner gedruckten Mittelzeilen. Die Jahreszahlen des ersten Diagramms folgen S. 107 und S. 114; für Lobenstein-Ebersdorf 1866 nennt S. 98 abweichend 922 statt 925 Geborene, die Dreijahressummen im dritten Diagramm stützen sich auf S. 98 f. Nicht verwendet wurden die Tabellen zu Totgeborenen, Geschlecht der Geborenen, Staatenvergleichen, Selbstmorden und Unglücksfällen sowie die Reihe für den Bezirk Lobenstein-Ebersdorf 1794 bis 1804; sie sind in den Einzelauswertungen erhalten.",
  "en": "Brückner’s annual tables were used: births (p. 107), stillbirths (p. 111) and deaths (p. 114) for each district, illegitimate births (p. 109), marriages (p. 112), and the three-year balance of surplus, increase and migration (pp. 98 f.). Computed are the surplus (births minus deaths, as Brückner forms it on pp. 98 f.) and, in the third chart, the sums of the three printed three-year values. The migration balance is Brückner’s residual: surplus of births minus the increase of the population between two censuses. The ten-year means for towns and villages are the mean rows printed by Brückner. The annual figures of the first chart follow pp. 107 and 114; for Lobenstein-Ebersdorf in 1866 p. 98 gives 922 instead of 925 births, and the three-year sums in the third chart rest on pp. 98 f. Not used are the tables on stillbirths, the sex of newborns, comparisons between states, suicides and accidents, and the series for the district of Lobenstein-Ebersdorf for 1794 to 1804; they are preserved in the earlier single analyses."
 },
 "caveats": [
  {
   "de": "Brückners Zahlen sind nicht überall stimmig: Für Schleiz 1865 setzen die Prozentzahlen etwa 1136 statt der gedruckten 1064 Geborenen voraus; für Lobenstein-Ebersdorf 1866 nennen S. 98 und S. 107 922 und 925 Geborene. Alle Werte stehen wie gedruckt im Datensatz.",
   "en": "Brückner’s figures are not consistent everywhere: for Schleiz in 1865 the percentages imply about 1136 births instead of the printed 1064; for Lobenstein-Ebersdorf in 1866 pp. 98 and 107 give 922 and 925 births. All values are given as printed in the dataset."
  },
  {
   "de": "Der Wanderungssaldo ist ein Restwert und enthält alle Zähl- und Registrierungsfehler sowie Unterschiede zwischen Wohn- und anwesender Bevölkerung. Er ist keine Auswanderungsstatistik; die gemeldeten Auswanderer von 1867 (S. 118) erklären nur einen Teil.",
   "en": "The migration balance is a residual and contains all counting and registration errors as well as differences between resident and present population. It is not emigration statistics; the emigrants reported for 1867 (p. 118) explain only part of it."
  },
  {
   "de": "Brückner nennt keine Todesursachen und keinen Grund für die hohe Sterblichkeit 1865. Ob die Gestorbenen die Totgeborenen mitzählen, sagt er nicht; falls nicht, wäre der Überschuss um die 1.753 Totgeborenen zu groß.",
   "en": "Brückner names no causes of death and no reason for the high mortality of 1865. He does not say whether the deaths include stillbirths; if not, the surplus would be too large by the 1,753 stillborn."
  },
  {
   "de": "Uneheliche Geburten: Die Anteile für Schleiz und das Fürstentum 1865 passen nicht zu den Geburtenzahlen (sie setzen etwa 1136 bzw. 3585 Geborene voraus), und für Lobenstein-Ebersdorf 1865 ergeben die gedruckten Anteile 101 Prozent. Die Mittel für Städte und Landorte beruhen auf kleinen Fallzahlen.",
   "en": "Illegitimate births: the shares for Schleiz and the principality in 1865 do not fit the birth figures (they imply about 1136 and 3585 births), and for Lobenstein-Ebersdorf in 1865 the printed shares add up to 101 percent. The means for towns and villages rest on small numbers."
  }
 ],
 "datasets": [
  {
   "name": "vital",
   "title": {
    "de": "Geborene, Totgeborene, Gestorbene und Überschuss",
    "en": "Births, stillbirths, deaths and surplus"
   },
   "columns": [
    {
     "name": "year",
     "label": {
      "de": "Jahr",
      "en": "Year"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "district",
     "label": {
      "de": "Landratsbezirk",
      "en": "District"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "note": "„Reuß j. L.“ = Fürstenthum insgesamt"
    },
    {
     "name": "births",
     "label": {
      "de": "Geborene (einschl. Totgeborene)",
      "en": "Births (incl. stillbirths)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen"
    },
    {
     "name": "stillborn",
     "label": {
      "de": "Totgeborene",
      "en": "Stillbirths"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen"
    },
    {
     "name": "deaths",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gestorbene",
      "en": "Deaths"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen"
    },
    {
     "name": "balance",
     "label": {
      "de": "Überschuss der Geborenen über die Gestorbenen",
      "en": "Surplus of births over deaths"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen",
     "derived": true,
     "note": "Geborene minus Gestorbene"
    },
    {
     "name": "live_births",
     "label": {
      "de": "Lebendgeborene",
      "en": "Live births"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen",
     "derived": true,
     "note": "Geborene minus Todtgeborene"
    },
    {
     "name": "balance_live",
     "label": {
      "de": "Überschuss ohne Totgeborene",
      "en": "Surplus without stillbirths"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen",
     "derived": true,
     "note": "Lebendgeborene minus Gestorbene"
    },
    {
     "name": "births_per_death",
     "label": {
      "de": "Geborene je Gestorbenen",
      "en": "Births per death"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    }
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     1858,
     "Gera",
     1356,
     99,
     851,
     505,
     1257,
     406,
     1.59
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Schleiz",
     1022,
     55,
     717,
     305,
     967,
     250,
     1.43
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     848,
     49,
     666,
     182,
     799,
     133,
     1.27
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3226,
     203,
     2234,
     992,
     3023,
     789,
     1.44
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Gera",
     1392,
     73,
     949,
     443,
     1319,
     370,
     1.47
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Schleiz",
     1086,
     54,
     726,
     360,
     1032,
     306,
     1.5
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     831,
     38,
     490,
     341,
     793,
     303,
     1.7
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3309,
     165,
     2165,
     1144,
     3144,
     979,
     1.53
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Gera",
     1351,
     84,
     806,
     545,
     1267,
     461,
     1.68
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Schleiz",
     1065,
     64,
     676,
     389,
     1001,
     325,
     1.58
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     800,
     38,
     541,
     259,
     762,
     221,
     1.48
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3216,
     186,
     2023,
     1193,
     3030,
     1007,
     1.59
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Gera",
     1340,
     74,
     1074,
     266,
     1266,
     192,
     1.25
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Schleiz",
     1015,
     46,
     700,
     315,
     969,
     269,
     1.45
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     814,
     51,
     538,
     276,
     763,
     225,
     1.51
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3169,
     171,
     2312,
     857,
     2998,
     686,
     1.37
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Gera",
     1354,
     70,
     792,
     562,
     1284,
     492,
     1.71
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Schleiz",
     1059,
     50,
     791,
     268,
     1009,
     218,
     1.34
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     798,
     36,
     587,
     211,
     762,
     175,
     1.36
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3211,
     156,
     2170,
     1041,
     3055,
     885,
     1.48
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Gera",
     1468,
     78,
     995,
     473,
     1390,
     395,
     1.48
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Schleiz",
     1075,
     57,
     724,
     351,
     1018,
     294,
     1.48
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     868,
     39,
     537,
     331,
     829,
     292,
     1.62
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3411,
     174,
     2256,
     1155,
     3237,
     981,
     1.51
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Gera",
     1465,
     89,
     1003,
     462,
     1376,
     373,
     1.46
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Schleiz",
     1073,
     48,
     669,
     404,
     1025,
     356,
     1.6
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     849,
     48,
     572,
     277,
     801,
     229,
     1.48
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3387,
     185,
     2244,
     1143,
     3202,
     958,
     1.51
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Gera",
     1550,
     101,
     1102,
     448,
     1449,
     347,
     1.41
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Schleiz",
     1064,
     44,
     833,
     231,
     1020,
     187,
     1.28
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     899,
     38,
     762,
     137,
     861,
     99,
     1.18
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3513,
     183,
     2697,
     816,
     3330,
     633,
     1.3
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Gera",
     1595,
     93,
     1086,
     509,
     1502,
     416,
     1.47
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Schleiz",
     1103,
     34,
     854,
     249,
     1069,
     215,
     1.29
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     925,
     47,
     693,
     232,
     878,
     185,
     1.33
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3623,
     174,
     2633,
     990,
     3449,
     816,
     1.38
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Gera",
     1538,
     76,
     995,
     543,
     1462,
     467,
     1.55
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Schleiz",
     1111,
     48,
     867,
     244,
     1063,
     196,
     1.28
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     863,
     32,
     674,
     189,
     831,
     157,
     1.28
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     3512,
     156,
     2536,
     976,
     3356,
     820,
     1.38
    ]
   ],
   "source_refs": [
    {
     "page": "107",
     "block": "b3",
     "rows": "r2-r11"
    },
    {
     "page": "111",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r4-r13"
    },
    {
     "page": "111",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r16-r25"
    },
    {
     "page": "111",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r28-r37"
    },
    {
     "page": "111",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r40-r49"
    },
    {
     "page": "114",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r4-r13"
    },
    {
     "page": "114",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r16-r25"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "illegit_mean",
   "title": {
    "de": "Gedrucktes Mittel 1858–1867",
    "en": "Printed mean 1858–1867"
   },
   "columns": [
    {
     "name": "district",
     "label": {
      "de": "Landesteil",
      "en": "District"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "area",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gebiet",
      "en": "Area"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "illegitimate",
     "label": {
      "de": "Uneheliche Geborene (Jahresmittel)",
      "en": "Illegitimate births (annual mean)"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "Geburten"
    },
    {
     "name": "legit_pct",
     "label": {
      "de": "Eheliche auf 100 Geborene",
      "en": "Legitimate per 100 births"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "%"
    },
    {
     "name": "illegit_pct",
     "label": {
      "de": "Uneheliche auf 100 Geborene",
      "en": "Illegitimate per 100 births"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "%"
    }
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     82.2,
     84.89,
     15.11
    ],
    [
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     146.1,
     83.59,
     16.41
    ],
    [
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     228.3,
     84.09,
     15.91
    ],
    [
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     46.9,
     85.15,
     14.85
    ],
    [
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     149.0,
     80.87,
     19.13
    ],
    [
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     195.9,
     81.71,
     18.29
    ],
    [
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     38.2,
     78.23,
     21.77
    ],
    [
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     167.5,
     75.06,
     24.94
    ],
    [
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     205.7,
     75.83,
     24.17
    ],
    [
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     167.3,
     83.52,
     16.48
    ],
    [
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     462.6,
     80.2,
     19.8
    ],
    [
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     629.9,
     81.21,
     18.79
    ]
   ],
   "source_refs": [
    {
     "page": "109",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r15"
    },
    {
     "page": "109",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r27"
    },
    {
     "page": "109",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r39"
    },
    {
     "page": "109",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r51"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "periods",
   "title": {
    "de": "Dreijahresbilanz: Geburtenüberschuss, Zunahme, Wanderung",
    "en": "Three-year balance: birth surplus, increase, migration"
   },
   "columns": [
    {
     "name": "district",
     "label": {
      "de": "Bezirk",
      "en": "District"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "period",
     "label": {
      "de": "Zeitraum",
      "en": "Period"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "year_from",
     "label": {
      "de": "Von Jahr",
      "en": "From year"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "year_to",
     "label": {
      "de": "Bis Jahr",
      "en": "To year"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "births_sum",
     "label": {
      "de": "Geborene (3 Jahre)",
      "en": "Births (3 years)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen",
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "deaths_sum",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gestorbene (3 Jahre)",
      "en": "Deaths (3 years)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen",
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "natural_increase",
     "label": {
      "de": "Mehr Geborene als Gestorbene",
      "en": "Birth surplus"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen"
    },
    {
     "name": "increase",
     "label": {
      "de": "Zunahme der Bevölkerung",
      "en": "Increase of the population"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen"
    },
    {
     "name": "net_emigration",
     "label": {
      "de": "Mehr ausgewandert als eingewandert",
      "en": "Net emigration"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen"
    },
    {
     "name": "net_migration",
     "label": {
      "de": "Wanderungssaldo (negativ = Auswanderung)",
      "en": "Net migration (negative = emigration)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen",
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "pop_start",
     "label": {
      "de": "Bevölkerung zu Beginn (Zählung)",
      "en": "Population at start (census)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen"
    },
    {
     "name": "pop_end",
     "label": {
      "de": "Bevölkerung am Ende (Zählung)",
      "en": "Population at end (census)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen"
    },
    {
     "name": "pop_mean",
     "label": {
      "de": "Mittlere Bevölkerung",
      "en": "Mean population"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Personen",
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "natural_per_1000",
     "label": {
      "de": "Geburtenüberschuss je 1000 und Jahr",
      "en": "Birth surplus per 1,000 per year"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "‰",
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "migration_per_1000",
     "label": {
      "de": "Wanderungssaldo je 1000 und Jahr",
      "en": "Net migration per 1,000 per year"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "‰",
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "change_per_1000",
     "label": {
      "de": "Zunahme je 1000 und Jahr",
      "en": "Increase per 1,000 per year"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "‰",
     "derived": true
    }
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     "Gera",
     "1859–1861",
     1859,
     1861,
     4083,
     2829,
     1254,
     1086,
     168,
     -168,
     33586,
     34672,
     34129,
     12.25,
     -1.64,
     10.61
    ],
    [
     "Gera",
     "1862–1864",
     1862,
     1864,
     4287,
     2790,
     1497,
     2126,
     -629,
     629,
     34672,
     36798,
     35735,
     13.96,
     5.87,
     19.83
    ],
    [
     "Gera",
     "1865–1867",
     1865,
     1867,
     4683,
     3183,
     1500,
     1454,
     46,
     -46,
     36798,
     38252,
     37525,
     13.32,
     -0.41,
     12.92
    ],
    [
     "Schleiz",
     "1859–1861",
     1859,
     1861,
     3166,
     2102,
     1064,
     655,
     409,
     -409,
     25702,
     26357,
     26030,
     13.63,
     -5.24,
     8.39
    ],
    [
     "Schleiz",
     "1862–1864",
     1862,
     1864,
     3207,
     2184,
     1023,
     818,
     205,
     -205,
     26357,
     27174,
     26766,
     12.74,
     -2.55,
     10.19
    ],
    [
     "Schleiz",
     "1865–1867",
     1865,
     1867,
     3278,
     2554,
     724,
     193,
     531,
     -531,
     27174,
     27368,
     27271,
     8.85,
     -6.49,
     2.36
    ],
    [
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "1859–1861",
     1859,
     1861,
     2445,
     1569,
     876,
     -187,
     1063,
     -1063,
     22518,
     22331,
     22424,
     13.02,
     -15.8,
     -2.78
    ],
    [
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "1862–1864",
     1862,
     1864,
     2515,
     1696,
     819,
     168,
     651,
     -651,
     22331,
     22499,
     22415,
     12.18,
     -9.68,
     2.5
    ],
    [
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "1865–1867",
     1865,
     1867,
     2684,
     2129,
     555,
     -145,
     700,
     -700,
     22499,
     22354,
     22426,
     8.25,
     -10.4,
     -2.16
    ],
    [
     "Fürstentum",
     "1859–1861",
     1859,
     1861,
     9694,
     6500,
     3194,
     1554,
     1640,
     -1640,
     81806,
     83360,
     82583,
     12.89,
     -6.62,
     6.27
    ],
    [
     "Fürstentum",
     "1862–1864",
     1862,
     1864,
     10009,
     6670,
     3339,
     3112,
     227,
     -227,
     83360,
     86472,
     84916,
     13.11,
     -0.89,
     12.22
    ],
    [
     "Fürstentum",
     "1865–1867",
     1865,
     1867,
     10645,
     7866,
     2779,
     1502,
     1277,
     -1277,
     86472,
     87974,
     87223,
     10.62,
     -4.88,
     5.74
    ]
   ],
   "source_refs": [
    {
     "page": "98",
     "block": "b4",
     "rows": "r3-r21"
    },
    {
     "page": "99",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r3-r21"
    },
    {
     "page": "91",
     "block": "b4",
     "rows": "r14-r17"
    },
    {
     "page": "92",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r16-r19"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "illegit",
   "title": {
    "de": "Uneheliche Geburten nach Jahr, Bezirk, Städten und Landorten",
    "en": "Illegitimate births by year, district, towns and villages"
   },
   "columns": [
    {
     "name": "year",
     "label": {
      "de": "Jahr",
      "en": "Year"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "district",
     "label": {
      "de": "Landesteil",
      "en": "District"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "note": "„Reuß j. L.“ = Fürstenthum insgesamt"
    },
    {
     "name": "area",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gebiet",
      "en": "Area"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "note": "Städte / Landorte / Zusammen"
    },
    {
     "name": "illegitimate",
     "label": {
      "de": "Uneheliche Geborene",
      "en": "Illegitimate births"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Geburten"
    },
    {
     "name": "legit_pct",
     "label": {
      "de": "Eheliche auf 100 Geborene",
      "en": "Legitimate per 100 births"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "%"
    },
    {
     "name": "illegit_pct",
     "label": {
      "de": "Uneheliche auf 100 Geborene",
      "en": "Illegitimate per 100 births"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "%"
    }
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     1858,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     90,
     81.29,
     18.71
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     171,
     80.45,
     19.55
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     261,
     80.75,
     19.25
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     82,
     83.98,
     16.02
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     168,
     80.91,
     19.09
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     250,
     82.04,
     17.96
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     77,
     84.07,
     15.93
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     155,
     82.12,
     17.88
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     232,
     82.83,
     17.17
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     69,
     87.03,
     12.97
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     141,
     82.55,
     17.45
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     210,
     84.33,
     15.67
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     79,
     84.14,
     15.86
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     113,
     86.8,
     13.2
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     192,
     85.82,
     14.18
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     89,
     84.14,
     15.86
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     163,
     82.03,
     17.97
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     252,
     82.83,
     17.17
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     92,
     83.66,
     16.34
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     122,
     86.47,
     13.53
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     214,
     85.39,
     14.61
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     82,
     86.64,
     13.36
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     144,
     84.62,
     15.38
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     226,
     85.41,
     14.59
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     76,
     87.88,
     12.12
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     148,
     84.71,
     15.29
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     224,
     85.95,
     14.05
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     86,
     86.09,
     13.91
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     136,
     85.22,
     14.78
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     222,
     85.57,
     14.43
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     48,
     84.31,
     15.69
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     158,
     77.93,
     22.07
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     206,
     79.84,
     20.16
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     40,
     86.97,
     13.03
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     152,
     80.49,
     19.51
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     192,
     82.32,
     17.68
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     75,
     85.25,
     14.75
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     159,
     79.13,
     20.87
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     234,
     78.03,
     21.97
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     39,
     86.51,
     13.49
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     162,
     77.69,
     22.31
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     201,
     80.2,
     19.8
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     52,
     82.49,
     17.51
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     160,
     79.0,
     21.0
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     212,
     79.98,
     20.02
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     43,
     84.84,
     15.16
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     176,
     78.75,
     21.25
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     219,
     79.63,
     20.37
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     46,
     83.92,
     16.08
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     128,
     83.74,
     16.26
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     174,
     83.78,
     16.22
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     41,
     85.91,
     14.09
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     133,
     84.26,
     15.74
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     174,
     84.69,
     15.31
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     46,
     84.4,
     15.6
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     127,
     84.28,
     15.72
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     173,
     84.32,
     15.68
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     39,
     86.87,
     13.13
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     135,
     83.4,
     16.6
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     174,
     84.34,
     15.66
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     40,
     75.76,
     24.24
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     196,
     71.3,
     28.7
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     236,
     72.17,
     27.83
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     38,
     79.12,
     20.88
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     141,
     78.27,
     21.73
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     179,
     78.46,
     21.54
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     45,
     71.87,
     28.13
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     167,
     73.91,
     26.09
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     212,
     73.5,
     26.5
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     34,
     81.91,
     18.09
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     158,
     74.76,
     25.24
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     192,
     76.41,
     23.59
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     46,
     71.95,
     28.05
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     164,
     74.13,
     25.87
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     210,
     73.68,
     26.32
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     43,
     75.98,
     24.02
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     178,
     74.17,
     25.83
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     221,
     74.54,
     25.46
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     38,
     77.25,
     22.75
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     182,
     73.31,
     26.69
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     220,
     74.09,
     25.91
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     28,
     84.18,
     15.82
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     168,
     76.73,
     23.27
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     196,
     79.2,
     21.8
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     34,
     82.65,
     17.35
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     166,
     77.23,
     22.77
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     200,
     78.38,
     21.62
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     36,
     81.63,
     18.37
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     155,
     76.76,
     23.24
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     191,
     77.87,
     22.13
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     178,
     81.3,
     18.7
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     525,
     76.91,
     23.09
    ],
    [
     1858,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     703,
     78.21,
     21.79
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     160,
     84.02,
     15.98
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     461,
     80.03,
     19.97
    ],
    [
     1859,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     621,
     81.23,
     18.77
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     197,
     79.2,
     20.8
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     481,
     78.8,
     21.2
    ],
    [
     1860,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     678,
     78.92,
     21.08
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     142,
     85.93,
     14.07
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     461,
     78.66,
     21.34
    ],
    [
     1861,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     603,
     80.97,
     19.03
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     177,
     81.54,
     18.46
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     437,
     80.6,
     19.4
    ],
    [
     1862,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     614,
     80.88,
     19.12
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     175,
     82.91,
     17.09
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     517,
     78.34,
     21.66
    ],
    [
     1863,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     692,
     79.71,
     20.29
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     176,
     82.68,
     17.32
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     432,
     81.78,
     18.22
    ],
    [
     1864,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     608,
     82.05,
     17.95
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     151,
     86.04,
     13.96
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     445,
     82.23,
     17.77
    ],
    [
     1865,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     596,
     83.38,
     16.62
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     156,
     86.05,
     13.95
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     441,
     82.4,
     17.6
    ],
    [
     1866,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     597,
     83.53,
     16.47
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     161,
     85.51,
     14.49
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     426,
     82.26,
     17.74
    ],
    [
     1867,
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     587,
     83.29,
     16.71
    ]
   ],
   "source_refs": [
    {
     "page": "109",
     "block": "b1",
     "rows": "r5-r51"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "marriages_mean",
   "title": {
    "de": "Gedrucktes Mittel 1858–1867",
    "en": "Printed mean 1858–1867"
   },
   "columns": [
    {
     "name": "district",
     "label": {
      "de": "Landratsbezirk",
      "en": "District"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "area",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gebiet",
      "en": "Area"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "pairs",
     "label": {
      "de": "Getraute Paare (Jahresmittel)",
      "en": "Married couples (annual mean)"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "Paare"
    },
    {
     "name": "pct_pop",
     "label": {
      "de": "Prozente der Bevölkerung",
      "en": "Percent of the population"
     },
     "type": "number",
     "unit": "%"
    }
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     "Gera",
     "Städte",
     85.0,
     0.58
    ],
    [
     "Gera",
     "Landorte",
     252.2,
     1.22
    ],
    [
     "Gera",
     "Zusammen",
     340.2,
     0.96
    ],
    [
     "Schleiz",
     "Städte",
     88.5,
     1.15
    ],
    [
     "Schleiz",
     "Landorte",
     214.5,
     1.14
    ],
    [
     "Schleiz",
     "Zusammen",
     303.0,
     1.14
    ],
    [
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Städte",
     43.9,
     0.91
    ],
    [
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Landorte",
     167.7,
     0.94
    ],
    [
     "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
     "Zusammen",
     211.6,
     0.94
    ],
    [
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Städte",
     217.4,
     0.8
    ],
    [
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Landorte",
     637.4,
     1.11
    ],
    [
     "Reuß j. L.",
     "Zusammen",
     854.8,
     1.01
    ]
   ],
   "source_refs": [
    {
     "page": "112",
     "block": "b5",
     "rows": "t13"
    },
    {
     "page": "112",
     "block": "b5",
     "rows": "t25"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "charts": [
  {
   "id": "c1",
   "dataset": "vital",
   "title": {
    "de": "Jedes Jahr wurden mehr Kinder geboren als Menschen starben, 1865 nur 816 mehr",
    "en": "In every year more children were born than people died, in 1865 only 816 more"
   },
   "caption": {
    "de": "Geborene (einschließlich Totgeborener) und Gestorbene im Fürstentum 1858 bis 1867; die Fläche dazwischen ist der Überschuss der Geborenen. Quelle: S. 107, 111, 114.",
    "en": "Births (including stillbirths) and deaths in the principality, 1858 to 1867; the area between the lines is the surplus of births. Source: pp. 107, 111, 114."
   },
   "vegalite": {
    "height": 330,
    "transform": [
     {
      "filter": "datum.district === 'Reuß j. L.'"
     }
    ],
    "encoding": {
     "x": {
      "field": "year",
      "type": "quantitative",
      "scale": {
       "domain": [
        1858,
        1867
       ],
       "nice": false
      },
      "axis": {
       "format": "d",
       "values": [
        1858,
        1859,
        1860,
        1861,
        1862,
        1863,
        1864,
        1865,
        1866,
        1867
       ],
       "title": null
      }
     }
    },
    "layer": [
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "area",
       "color": "@accent",
       "opacity": 0.16,
       "line": false
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "births",
        "type": "quantitative",
        "scale": {
         "domain": [
          1800,
          3800
         ]
        },
        "axis": {
         "title": {
          "de": "Personen im Jahr",
          "en": "Persons per year"
         },
         "format": ",d",
         "values": [
          2000,
          2500,
          3000,
          3500
         ]
        }
       },
       "y2": {
        "field": "deaths"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "line",
       "color": "@accent",
       "strokeWidth": 2.5
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "births",
        "type": "quantitative"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "line",
       "color": "@accent2",
       "strokeWidth": 2.5
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "deaths",
        "type": "quantitative"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 46,
       "color": "@accent"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "births",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "year",
         "title": {
          "de": "Jahr",
          "en": "Year"
         },
         "format": "d"
        },
        {
         "field": "births",
         "title": {
          "de": "Geborene",
          "en": "Births"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        },
        {
         "field": "stillborn",
         "title": {
          "de": "darunter Totgeborene",
          "en": "of these stillborn"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        },
        {
         "field": "deaths",
         "title": {
          "de": "Gestorbene",
          "en": "Deaths"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        },
        {
         "field": "balance",
         "title": {
          "de": "Überschuss",
          "en": "Surplus"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        }
       ]
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 46,
       "color": "@accent2"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "deaths",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "year",
         "title": {
          "de": "Jahr",
          "en": "Year"
         },
         "format": "d"
        },
        {
         "field": "births",
         "title": {
          "de": "Geborene",
          "en": "Births"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        },
        {
         "field": "deaths",
         "title": {
          "de": "Gestorbene",
          "en": "Deaths"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        },
        {
         "field": "balance",
         "title": {
          "de": "Überschuss",
          "en": "Surplus"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        }
       ]
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.year == 1858"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label",
       "align": "left",
       "dy": -24,
       "color": "@accent"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "births",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "Geborene",
         "en": "Births"
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.year == 1858"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label",
       "align": "left",
       "dy": 27,
       "color": "@accent2"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "deaths",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "Gestorbene",
         "en": "Deaths"
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.year == 1860 || datum.year == 1865"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "rule",
       "color": "@ink2",
       "strokeWidth": 1.5
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "births",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "y2": {
        "field": "deaths"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.year == 1860 || datum.year == 1865"
       },
       {
        "calculate": "(datum.births + datum.deaths) / 2",
        "as": "mid"
       },
       {
        "calculate": "'+' + format(datum.balance, ',d')",
        "as": "lab"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label",
       "align": "left",
       "dx": 7,
       "color": "@ink"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "mid",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "field": "lab"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.year == 1862"
       },
       {
        "calculate": "(datum.births + datum.deaths) / 2",
        "as": "mid"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "annotation",
       "align": "center",
       "color": "@accent"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "mid",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "Überschuss der Geborenen",
         "en": "surplus of births"
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.year == 1865"
       },
       {
        "calculate": {
         "de": "'Höchststand ' + format(datum.deaths, ',d')",
         "en": "'peak ' + format(datum.deaths, ',d')"
        },
        "as": "dlab"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label",
       "align": "right",
       "dx": -9,
       "dy": -10,
       "color": "@accent2"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "deaths",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "field": "dlab"
       }
      }
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "c2",
   "dataset": "illegit_mean",
   "title": {
    "de": "Uneheliche Kinder waren auf dem Land häufiger als in den Städten, am häufigsten in Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
    "en": "Illegitimate births were more common in villages than in towns, most of all in Lobenstein-Ebersdorf"
   },
   "caption": {
    "de": "Uneheliche Geborene in Prozent aller Geborenen, gedrucktes Mittel 1858 bis 1867, getrennt nach Städten und Landorten. Quelle: S. 109.",
    "en": "Illegitimate births as a percentage of all births, printed mean 1858 to 1867, towns and villages shown separately. Source: p. 109."
   },
   "vegalite": {
    "height": {
     "step": 56
    },
    "transform": [
     {
      "filter": "datum.area === 'Städte' || datum.area === 'Landorte'"
     },
     {
      "pivot": "area",
      "value": "illegit_pct",
      "groupby": [
       "district"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "encoding": {
     "y": {
      "field": "district",
      "type": "nominal",
      "sort": [
       "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
       "Schleiz",
       "Gera",
       "Reuß j. L."
      ],
      "axis": {
       "title": null,
       "labelLimit": 220,
       "labelExpr": {
        "de": "datum.value == 'Reuß j. L.' ? 'Fürstentum' : datum.value",
        "en": "datum.value == 'Reuß j. L.' ? 'Principality' : datum.value"
       },
       "labelFontWeight": {
        "condition": {
         "test": "datum.value == 'Reuß j. L.'",
         "value": 700
        },
        "value": 400
       }
      }
     }
    },
    "layer": [
     {
      "mark": {
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       "color": "@context",
       "strokeWidth": 3
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "Städte",
        "type": "quantitative",
        "scale": {
         "domain": [
          10,
          28
         ]
        },
        "axis": {
         "values": [
          10,
          15,
          20,
          25
         ],
         "title": {
          "de": "Uneheliche Geburten in Prozent aller Geburten",
          "en": "Illegitimate births as a percentage of all births"
         }
        }
       },
       "x2": {
        "field": "Landorte"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 110,
       "color": "@muted"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "Städte",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "district",
         "title": {
          "de": "Bezirk",
          "en": "District"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "Städte",
         "title": {
          "de": "Städte, Prozent",
          "en": "Towns, percent"
         },
         "format": ".2f"
        },
        {
         "field": "Landorte",
         "title": {
          "de": "Landorte, Prozent",
          "en": "Villages, percent"
         },
         "format": ".2f"
        }
       ]
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 130,
       "color": "@accent"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "Landorte",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "district",
         "title": {
          "de": "Bezirk",
          "en": "District"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "Städte",
         "title": {
          "de": "Städte, Prozent",
          "en": "Towns, percent"
         },
         "format": ".2f"
        },
        {
         "field": "Landorte",
         "title": {
          "de": "Landorte, Prozent",
          "en": "Villages, percent"
         },
         "format": ".2f"
        }
       ]
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label-muted",
       "align": "right",
       "dx": -11
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "Städte",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "field": "Städte",
        "format": ".1f"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label",
       "align": "left",
       "dx": 12,
       "color": "@accent"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "Landorte",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "field": "Landorte",
        "format": ".1f"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.district === 'Lobenstein-Ebersdorf'"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label-muted",
       "align": "center",
       "dy": -17
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "Städte",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "Städte",
         "en": "Towns"
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.district === 'Lobenstein-Ebersdorf'"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label",
       "align": "center",
       "dy": -17,
       "color": "@accent"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "Landorte",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "Landorte",
         "en": "Villages"
        }
       }
      }
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "c3",
   "dataset": "periods",
   "title": {
    "de": "Gera gewann Einwohner durch Zuwanderung; Lobenstein-Ebersdorf verlor mehr, als der Geburtenüberschuss einbrachte",
    "en": "Gera gained inhabitants through migration; Lobenstein-Ebersdorf lost more than its surplus of births added"
   },
   "caption": {
    "de": "Geburtenüberschuss (grau) und tatsächliche Zunahme der Bevölkerung (blau) 1859 bis 1867, Summe der drei Dreijahreszeiträume. Die Differenz ist Brückners Wanderungssaldo, ein Restwert. Quelle: S. 98 f.",
    "en": "Surplus of births (grey) and actual population increase (blue), 1859 to 1867, sum of the three three-year periods. The difference is Brückner’s migration balance, a residual. Source: pp. 98 f."
   },
   "vegalite": {
    "height": {
     "step": 60
    },
    "transform": [
     {
      "aggregate": [
       {
        "op": "sum",
        "field": "natural_increase",
        "as": "nat"
       },
       {
        "op": "sum",
        "field": "increase",
        "as": "inc"
       }
      ],
      "groupby": [
       "district"
      ]
     },
     {
      "calculate": "datum.inc - datum.nat",
      "as": "mig"
     },
     {
      "calculate": "(datum.mig >= 0 ? '+' : '−') + format(abs(datum.mig), ',d')",
      "as": "miglab"
     },
     {
      "calculate": "(datum.nat + datum.inc) / 2",
      "as": "midx"
     }
    ],
    "encoding": {
     "y": {
      "field": "district",
      "type": "nominal",
      "sort": [
       "Gera",
       "Schleiz",
       "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf",
       "Fürstentum"
      ],
      "axis": {
       "title": null,
       "labelLimit": 220,
       "labelExpr": {
        "de": "datum.value",
        "en": "datum.value == 'Fürstentum' ? 'Principality' : datum.value"
       },
       "labelFontWeight": {
        "condition": {
         "test": "datum.value == 'Fürstentum'",
         "value": 700
        },
        "value": 400
       }
      }
     }
    },
    "layer": [
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "rule",
       "strokeWidth": 4
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "nat",
        "type": "quantitative",
        "scale": {
         "domain": [
          -1500,
          10800
         ]
        },
        "axis": {
         "values": [
          0,
          2000,
          4000,
          6000,
          8000,
          10000
         ],
         "format": ",d",
         "title": {
          "de": "Personen, 1859 bis 1867 zusammen",
          "en": "Persons, 1859 to 1867 combined"
         }
        }
       },
       "x2": {
        "field": "inc"
       },
       "color": {
        "condition": {
         "test": "datum.mig >= 0",
         "value": "@positive"
        },
        "value": "@negative"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 120,
       "color": "@muted"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "nat",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "district",
         "title": {
          "de": "Bezirk",
          "en": "District"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "nat",
         "title": {
          "de": "Geburtenüberschuss",
          "en": "Surplus of births"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        },
        {
         "field": "inc",
         "title": {
          "de": "Zunahme der Bevölkerung",
          "en": "Population increase"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        },
        {
         "field": "mig",
         "title": {
          "de": "Wanderungssaldo",
          "en": "Net migration"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        }
       ]
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 150,
       "color": "@accent"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "inc",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "district",
         "title": {
          "de": "Bezirk",
          "en": "District"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "nat",
         "title": {
          "de": "Geburtenüberschuss",
          "en": "Surplus of births"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        },
        {
         "field": "inc",
         "title": {
          "de": "Zunahme der Bevölkerung",
          "en": "Population increase"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        },
        {
         "field": "mig",
         "title": {
          "de": "Wanderungssaldo",
          "en": "Net migration"
         },
         "format": ",d"
        }
       ]
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.nat >= datum.inc"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label-muted",
       "align": "left",
       "dx": 12
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "nat",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "field": "nat",
        "format": ",d"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.nat < datum.inc"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label-muted",
       "align": "right",
       "dx": -12
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "nat",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "field": "nat",
        "format": ",d"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
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        "filter": "datum.nat >= datum.inc"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label",
       "align": "right",
       "dx": -12,
       "color": "@accent"
      },
      "encoding": {
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        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "field": "inc",
        "format": ",d"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.nat < datum.inc"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
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       "style": "label",
       "align": "left",
       "dx": 12,
       "color": "@accent"
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "inc",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "field": "inc",
        "format": ",d"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label",
       "align": "center",
       "dy": -15
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "midx",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "field": "miglab"
       },
       "color": {
        "condition": {
         "test": "datum.mig >= 0",
         "value": "@positive"
        },
        "value": "@negative"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.district === 'Fürstentum'"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "label-muted",
       "align": "center",
       "dy": 19
      },
      "encoding": {
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        "field": "nat",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "Geburtenüberschuss",
         "en": "surplus of births"
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.district === 'Fürstentum'"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
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       "style": "label",
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       "dy": 19,
       "color": "@accent"
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      "encoding": {
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        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "Zunahme",
         "en": "increase"
        }
       }
      }
     }
    ]
   }
  }
 ],
 "transcription_issues": [
  {
   "page": "108",
   "block": "b1",
   "cell": "r10c7",
   "transcribed": "4,103",
   "facsimile": "4,03",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf, Landorte 1865; in the dataset corrected to the printed 4,03."
  },
  {
   "page": "107",
   "block": "b3",
   "cell": "r6c3",
   "transcribed": "3,95",
   "facsimile": "8,95",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Gera 1862: the print shows 8,95, an evident printer's error (1354 births, neighbouring years 3,87-4,23); the transcription reads 3,95, which is used here."
  },
  {
   "page": "107",
   "block": "b3",
   "cell": "r12c4",
   "transcribed": "1061",
   "facsimile": "1061",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Printed ten-year mean for Schleiz; the mean of the ten printed annual values is 1067,3 (the mean for the principality, 3358, fits 1067)."
  },
  {
   "page": "114",
   "block": "b1",
   "cell": "r10c7",
   "transcribed": "2,63",
   "facsimile": "2,63",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Gera 1864, total: 1003 deaths; the town and rural percentages (2,72 / 2,73) imply about 2,73. Printed so; the suicide table (p. 117) is consistent with 2,73."
  },
  {
   "page": "114",
   "block": "b1",
   "cell": "r13c13",
   "transcribed": "3,13",
   "facsimile": "3,13",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Schleiz 1867, total: 867 deaths and the town/rural percentages imply about 3,16; printed so."
  },
  {
   "page": "109",
   "block": "b1",
   "cell": "r36c9",
   "transcribed": "79,20",
   "facsimile": "79,20",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf 1865, total: 79,20 + 21,80 = 101; printed so (196 of 899 births = 21,80 %). Original inconsistency, not a misreading."
  },
  {
   "page": "109",
   "block": "b1",
   "cell": "r24c9",
   "transcribed": "84,69",
   "facsimile": "84,69",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Schleiz 1865 total (84,69 / 15,31): 174 illegitimate of 1064 births (p. 107) would be 16,35 %; the printed share implies about 1136 births. Original inconsistency."
  },
  {
   "page": "110",
   "block": "b5",
   "transcribed": "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf 24,94",
   "facsimile": "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf 24,94",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Text value equals the Landorte mean of the table (24,94); the table gives 24,17 for the whole district."
  },
  {
   "page": "111",
   "block": "b1",
   "cell": "r47c10",
   "transcribed": "5,38",
   "facsimile": "5,38",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Fürstenthum 1865, total: 183 stillbirths of 3513 births (p. 107) would be 5,21 %; as printed. Original inconsistency, not a misreading."
  },
  {
   "page": "111",
   "block": "b1",
   "cell": "r35c10",
   "transcribed": "4,34",
   "facsimile": "4,34",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Lobenstein-Ebersdorf 1865, total: 38 of 899 would be 4,23 %; as printed."
  },
  {
   "page": "112",
   "block": "b5",
   "cell": "r13c3",
   "transcribed": "252,2",
   "facsimile": "252,2",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Printed mean of the Gera rural couples; the ten annual values (187, 249, 299, 264, 232, 250, 324, 260, 251, 236) sum to 2552, i.e. 255,2. Printer's error in the original."
  },
  {
   "page": "112",
   "block": "b5",
   "cell": "r25c1",
   "transcribed": "Durchschn. 1858-97",
   "facsimile": "1858—97",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Label of the mean row of the lower block as printed (should read 1858-67)."
  },
  {
   "page": "112",
   "block": "b5",
   "cell": "r6c11",
   "transcribed": "1,42",
   "facsimile": "1,42",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Schleiz 1861, towns: 101 couples = 1,42 % would imply a town population of about 7,100 (neighbouring years about 7,700); printed so."
  },
  {
   "page": "116",
   "block": "b2",
   "cell": "r3c9",
   "transcribed": "6,49",
   "facsimile": "6,49",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "1795, unmarried: (12+17)/440 = 6,59 %; printed 6,49. Printer's error in the original."
  },
  {
   "page": "116",
   "block": "b4",
   "cell": "r10",
   "transcribed": "252 9 24 24 23 39 63 40 10 —",
   "facsimile": "252 9 24 24 23 39 63 40 10 —",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "1802: age classes sum to 484 while 492 deaths are given in the other tables; 1803: 429 against 426. As printed."
  }
 ],
 "keywords": {
  "de": [
   "Geburten",
   "Sterbefälle",
   "Gestorbene",
   "Geburtenüberschuss",
   "uneheliche Geburten",
   "Eheschließungen",
   "Wanderung",
   "Auswanderung",
   "Bevölkerungsbewegung"
  ],
  "en": [
   "births",
   "deaths",
   "surplus of births",
   "illegitimate births",
   "marriages",
   "migration",
   "emigration",
   "vital statistics"
  ]
 },
 "related": [
  "bevoelkerung-1647-1867",
  "alter-familie",
  "gesundheit",
  "haus-reuss"
 ],
 "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5 (Agent F4), aus 9 Einzelauswertungen zusammengeführt",
 "date": "2026-10-02"
}