{
 "id": "geologie-boden",
 "title": {
  "de": "Gesteine, Böden und Bodenschätze",
  "en": "Rocks, soils and mineral resources"
 },
 "category": "geology",
 "section": "t1-1-5",
 "merges": [
  "geologie-formationen-bodenguete",
  "geologie-formationen-rohstoffe",
  "geologie-fossilfunde-zechstein-clymenienkalk"
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "page": "26",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "26",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "26",
   "block": "b5"
  },
  {
   "page": "27",
   "block": "b4"
  },
  {
   "page": "28",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "28",
   "block": "b4"
  },
  {
   "page": "28",
   "block": "b5"
  },
  {
   "page": "30",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "30",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "31",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "31",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "32",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "33",
   "block": "b4"
  },
  {
   "page": "34",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "34",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "35",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "36",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "37",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "37",
   "block": "b4"
  },
  {
   "page": "38",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "39",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "40",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "40",
   "block": "b4"
  },
  {
   "page": "41",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "26",
   "block": "b4"
  },
  {
   "page": "27",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "28",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "28",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "30",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "30",
   "block": "b4"
  },
  {
   "page": "32",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "32",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "33",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "34",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "36",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "36",
   "block": "b6"
  },
  {
   "page": "38",
   "block": "b2"
  },
  {
   "page": "38",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "39",
   "block": "b3"
  },
  {
   "page": "40",
   "block": "b1"
  },
  {
   "page": "40",
   "block": "b2"
  }
 ],
 "summary": {
  "de": "In der geognostischen Übersicht beschreibt Prof. Liebe die 13 Gesteinsformationen des Landes: den Boden, den ihre Verwitterung liefert, die nutzbaren Stoffe und die Versteinerungen. Grünstein und Diabas tragen die besten Böden, Eisenerz ist der am weitesten verbreitete Rohstoff, und aus dem Zechstein von Gera zählt Liebe 95 Arten von Versteinerungen.",
  "en": "In the geological overview Prof. Liebe describes the 13 rock formations of the country: the soil their weathering yields, the usable materials and the fossils. Greenstone and diabase carry the best soils, iron ore is the most widespread resource, and Liebe counts 95 fossil species from the Zechstein of Gera."
 },
 "findings": [
  {
   "de": "Alle 6 Grünstein-, Diabas- und Tuffeinheiten liefern gute bis sehr gute Böden (Mittel 4,8), die Schiefer im Mittel nur 3,0. Im Mittel der Einheiten liegt das Unterland mit 3,0 unter dem Oberland mit 3,8.",
   "en": "All 6 greenstone, diabase and tuff units yield good to very good soils (mean 4.8), the slates only 3.0. On average over the units the Unterland, at 3.0, lies below the Oberland, at 3.8."
  },
  {
   "de": "Eisenerz nennt Liebe in 7 der 13 Formationen, 6 davon im Oberland. Antimonerz, Alaunschiefer und Dachschiefer kommen nur dort vor, Gips und Salz nur im Unterland.",
   "en": "Liebe names iron ore in 7 of the 13 formations, 6 of them in the Oberland. Antimony ore, alum shale and roofing slate occur only there, gypsum and salt only in the Unterland."
  },
  {
   "de": "Muscheln und Armfüßer stellen 45 der 95 Zechstein-Arten (47 Prozent). Im Clymenienkalk sind 21 der 42 Arten (50 Prozent) Kopffüßer, allen voran die Goniatiten mit 8.",
   "en": "Bivalves and brachiopods make up 45 of the 95 Zechstein species (47 percent). In the Clymenia limestone 21 of the 42 species (50 percent) are cephalopods, led by the goniatites with 8."
  }
 ],
 "method": {
  "de": "Grundlage ist die geognostische Übersicht (S. 25 bis 41), die Prof. Liebe für Brückners Buch verfasst hat. Für jede Gesteinseinheit wurde Liebes Satz über den Verwitterungsboden wörtlich übernommen und einer Stufe zugeordnet: 5 = sehr fruchtbar, ausgezeichnet, trefflich; 4 = fruchtbar, gut geeignet; 3 = mittelmäßig, von mittlerer Güte; 2 = wenig fruchtbar, dürftig; 1 = unfruchtbar (kommt nicht vor). Wo ein Satz Unterschiede macht, wurde die Mitte gewählt und die Spanne im Bemerkungsfeld festgehalten. Die Gesteinsgruppen sind editorisch. Für die Rohstoffe wurde jede genannte Kombination aus Formation und nutzbarem Stoff einmal erfasst, mit wörtlichem Beleg und Orten; die Stoffgruppen und die Nutzungsstufen (genutzt, früher genutzt, nur vorkommend) ordnen Liebes Wortlaut ein. Die Zahlen der Versteinerungen stammen aus Liebes Aufzählungen auf S. 38 (Zechstein) und S. 35 (Clymenienkalk); Zahlwörter wurden in Ziffern gesetzt, »über 7« als 7 gezählt. Die Zuordnung zu Klassen (Muscheln, Armfüßer, Kopffüßer) ist editorisch.",
  "en": "The basis is the geological overview (pp. 25 to 41) that Prof. Liebe wrote for Brückner’s book. For each rock unit Liebe’s sentence about the weathering soil was taken verbatim and assigned a grade: 5 = very fertile, excellent, splendid; 4 = fertile, well suited; 3 = mediocre, of medium quality; 2 = poorly fertile, meager; 1 = barren (does not occur). Where a sentence distinguishes varieties, the middle was chosen and the range recorded in the remark field. The rock groups are editorial. For the resources every named combination of formation and usable material was recorded once, with a verbatim piece of evidence and the places; the resource groups and the use grades (worked, formerly worked, merely occurring) classify Liebe’s wording. The fossil counts come from Liebe’s lists on p. 38 (Zechstein) and p. 35 (Clymenia limestone); number words were set in digits, “over 7” was counted as 7. The assignment to classes (bivalves, brachiopods, cephalopods) is editorial."
 },
 "caveats": [
  {
   "de": "Die Einstufung ist eine Deutung von Liebes Worten, keine Messung. Sie fasst oft verschieden fruchtbare Varianten einer Formation in einer Stufe zusammen. Die Einheiten sind nicht nach Fläche gewichtet: Ein kleines Gneisvorkommen zählt so viel wie der weit verbreitete Schiefer.",
   "en": "The grading is an interpretation of Liebe’s words, not a measurement. It often puts differently fertile varieties of a formation into one grade. The units are not weighted by area: a small gneiss outcrop counts as much as the widespread slate."
  },
  {
   "de": "Die Matrix zeigt, was Liebe nennt, nicht was es an Vorkommen gibt; für manche Formationen führt er Orte und Gruben ausführlich auf, für andere nur nebenbei. Ob ein Abbau 1870 wirklich in Betrieb war, lässt sich nicht in jedem Fall entscheiden; Fördermengen nennt der Abschnitt nicht.",
   "en": "The matrix shows what Liebe names, not what exists; for some formations he lists places and mines at length, for others only in passing. Whether working was really in progress in 1870 cannot always be decided; the section gives no production figures."
  },
  {
   "de": "Die Einteilung der Versteinerungen nach Großgruppen ist eine Deutung; Begriffe wie Strahlthiere oder Wurzelfüßer hatten 1870 teils einen anderen Umfang als heute. Die Zahlen sind Mindestzahlen aus Liebes Wissensstand, und beide Listen sind verschieden gegliedert, daher nur eingeschränkt vergleichbar.",
   "en": "The division of the fossils into major groups is an interpretation; terms such as Strahlthiere or Wurzelfüßer partly had a different scope in 1870 than today. The figures are minimum counts from Liebe’s state of knowledge, and the two lists are divided differently, so they are only partly comparable."
  }
 ],
 "transcription_issues": [
  {
   "page": "38",
   "block": "b1",
   "transcribed": "1 Kammschnecke",
   "facsimile": "1 Kammerschnecke",
   "checked_facsimile": true,
   "note": "Wortlaut in der Aufzählung der Gera-Zechstein-Fossilien; die Zahlen (7, 7, 3, 1, 9, 25, 20, 2, 8, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4) wurden am Faksimile bestätigt."
  }
 ],
 "datasets": [
  {
   "name": "soils",
   "title": {
    "de": "Böden der Gesteinseinheiten nach Liebe",
    "en": "Soils of the rock units according to Liebe"
   },
   "columns": [
    {
     "name": "order",
     "label": {
      "de": "Reihenfolge (alt → jung)",
      "en": "Order (old → young)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "Reihenfolge nach Liebes Gliederung 1–13, innerhalb einer Nummer in der Reihenfolge des Textes"
    },
    {
     "name": "section",
     "label": {
      "de": "Abschnitt bei Liebe",
      "en": "Section in Liebe’s text"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "note": "Nummer wie gedruckt, z. B. »7 b« (hier ohne Leerzeichen)"
    },
    {
     "name": "region",
     "label": {
      "de": "Landesteil",
      "en": "Part of the country"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "note": "Oberland = Abschnitte 1–8 (A.), Unterland = 9–13 (B.)"
    },
    {
     "name": "rock_group",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gesteinsgruppe",
      "en": "Rock group"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "slate = Schiefer/Grauwacke, greenstone = Grünstein/Diabas/Tuff, limestone = Kalk, crystalline = Gneis/umgewandelter Schiefer, clastic = Sand, Sandstein, Gerölle, Ton; editorisch"
    },
    {
     "name": "formation",
     "label": {
      "de": "Formation / Gestein",
      "en": "Formation / rock"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "formation_en",
     "label": {
      "de": "Formation / Gestein (englisch)",
      "en": "Formation / rock (English)"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "quote",
     "label": {
      "de": "Wortlaut zum Boden",
      "en": "Wording on the soil"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "soil_grade",
     "label": {
      "de": "Bodengüte (Stufe 1–5)",
      "en": "Soil quality (grade 1–5)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "Editorische Einstufung des Wortlauts: 5 = sehr fruchtbar/ausgezeichnet/trefflich, 4 = fruchtbar/gut geeignet, 3 = mittelmäßig/mittlere Güte, 2 = wenig fruchtbar/dürftig/nicht günstig, 1 = unfruchtbar/arm (kommt nicht vor)"
    },
    {
     "name": "remark",
     "label": {
      "de": "Bemerkung",
      "en": "Remark"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "page",
     "label": {
      "de": "Seite",
      "en": "Page"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "block",
     "label": {
      "de": "Block",
      "en": "Block"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "rang_gueteliste",
     "label": {
      "de": "Rang in der Güteliste (Stufe absteigend, dann nach Alter)",
      "en": "Rank in the quality list (grade descending, then by age)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    }
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     1,
     "1a",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     "Kambrische Schiefer, Sandsteine",
     "Cambrian slates, sandstones",
     "wohl locker, aber nicht warm, jedoch der Vegetation nicht ungünstig",
     3,
     "uneinheitlich: dünnschieferig besser, sandsteinartig »dürftig«, als Quarzit »arm mager«",
     "26",
     "b2",
     13
    ],
    [
     2,
     "1b",
     "Oberland",
     "crystalline",
     "Talkschiefer von Hirschberg (Kambrium)",
     "Talcose schist of Hirschberg (Cambrian)",
     "so liefert es eine sehr gute Ackererde",
     5,
     "Felder meist steil, daher der Auslaugung ausgesetzt",
     "26",
     "b3",
     1
    ],
    [
     3,
     "1c",
     "Oberland",
     "crystalline",
     "Quarzreicher Gneis bei Göttengrün",
     "Quartz-rich gneiss near Göttengrün",
     "der Vegetation außerordentlich günstig",
     5,
     "",
     "26",
     "b5",
     2
    ],
    [
     4,
     "2a",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     "Älterer Dachschiefer (unteres Silur)",
     "Older roofing slate (Lower Silurian)",
     "einen ziemlich kalten, thonigen Boden von mittlerer Fruchtbarkeit",
     3,
     "",
     "27",
     "b4",
     14
    ],
    [
     5,
     "2b",
     "Oberland",
     "greenstone",
     "Grünsteinlager im unteren Silur",
     "Greenstone sheets in the Lower Silurian",
     "einen trefflichen lichtgefärbten lockeren Boden",
     5,
     "",
     "28",
     "b2",
     3
    ],
    [
     6,
     "2d",
     "Oberland",
     "crystalline",
     "Gneisartiges Gestein bei Rothenacker",
     "Gneiss-like rock near Rothenacker",
     "der Vegetation nicht sehr günstig zu sein scheint",
     2,
     "",
     "28",
     "b4",
     21
    ],
    [
     7,
     "3a",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     "Kieselschiefer (mittleres Silur)",
     "Siliceous slate (Middle Silurian)",
     "so giebt er einen wenig fruchtbaren Boden",
     2,
     "durch beigemengten Grünstein oder gute Bewirtschaftung ertragfähig",
     "28",
     "b5",
     22
    ],
    [
     8,
     "3b",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     "Weicher Schiefer (mittleres Silur)",
     "Soft slate (Middle Silurian)",
     "einen hellgrauen, kalten, thonigen Boden von mittler Güte für Feld- und Wiesenkultur, aber sehr günstig für Nadelholzbestände",
     3,
     "für Nadelwald sehr günstig",
     "30",
     "b1",
     15
    ],
    [
     9,
     "3c",
     "Oberland",
     "greenstone",
     "Grünsteine im mittleren Silur",
     "Greenstones in the Middle Silurian",
     "Er verwittert zu einem hellgelben, fruchtbaren, lehmigen Boden",
     4,
     "",
     "30",
     "b2",
     9
    ],
    [
     10,
     "4a",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     "Tentaculitenschiefer (oberes Silur)",
     "Tentaculite slate (Upper Silurian)",
     "einen gelblichen bis bräunlichen Boden von sehr mittelmäßiger Fruchtbarkeit",
     3,
     "durch daneben anstehende Grünsteine bedeutend gehoben",
     "31",
     "b1",
     16
    ],
    [
     11,
     "4b",
     "Oberland",
     "greenstone",
     "Titaneisendiabas (Tentaculitenformation)",
     "Titaniferous diabase (Tentaculite formation)",
     "einen lockeren warmen, röthlich gelb-braunen Boden von großer Fruchtbarkeit",
     5,
     "",
     "31",
     "b2",
     4
    ],
    [
     12,
     "5a",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     "Phyllodocitesschiefer",
     "Phyllodocite slate",
     "eignet sich der Boden ziemlich gut, weit besser aber",
     3,
     "etwas kalter, thoniger Boden; für Wald weit besser als für Acker",
     "32",
     "b3",
     17
    ],
    [
     13,
     "6a",
     "Oberland",
     "greenstone",
     "Untere devonische Tufflager",
     "“Lower Devonian” tuff beds",
     "einen rostbraunen, sehr fruchtbaren, lockeren und warmen",
     5,
     "Brückners Bezeichnung; auf Höhen zu locker und trocken",
     "33",
     "b4",
     5
    ],
    [
     14,
     "6b",
     "Oberland",
     "greenstone",
     "Diabase der Tuffformation",
     "Diabases of the tuff formation",
     "Alle diese Diabase liefern einen ebenso günstigen Boden wie die älteren Diabase",
     5,
     "",
     "34",
     "b1",
     6
    ],
    [
     15,
     "7a",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     "Cypridinenschiefer",
     "Cypridina slate",
     "zu einem schweren kalten thonigen Boden von mittler Fruchtbarkeit",
     3,
     "",
     "34",
     "b3",
     18
    ],
    [
     16,
     "7b",
     "Oberland",
     "limestone",
     "Clymenienkalk",
     "Clymenia limestone",
     "einen bräunlichen, trockenen und hitzigen Boden … Wo Schiefer und Kalk gemischt den Boden bilden, da ist letzterer sehr fruchtbar",
     4,
     "für Futterkräuter ausgezeichnet; mit Schiefer gemischt sehr fruchtbar",
     "35",
     "b1",
     10
    ],
    [
     17,
     "7c",
     "Oberland",
     "greenstone",
     "Kalkdiabase",
     "Lime diabases",
     "einen bräunlichen, lockeren, warmen, sehr fruchtbaren Boden",
     5,
     "",
     "36",
     "b1",
     7
    ],
    [
     18,
     "8",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     "Kulm (Grauwacke, Schiefer)",
     "Culm (greywacke, slate)",
     "etwas schweren und kalten, aber fruchtbaren Boden",
     4,
     "bei richtiger Behandlung für alle Kulturen gute Erträge",
     "37",
     "b1",
     11
    ],
    [
     19,
     "9",
     "Unterland",
     "clastic",
     "Rothliegendes",
     "Rotliegend",
     "nur mittelmäßigen Boden … geradezu unfruchtbar",
     2,
     "auf Höhen und Abhängen unfruchtbar",
     "37",
     "b4",
     23
    ],
    [
     20,
     "10a",
     "Unterland",
     "limestone",
     "Zechstein (Kalk, Dolomit, Mergel)",
     "Zechstein (limestone, dolomite, marl)",
     "gut geeignet zu allen Culturen, namentlich auch zur Obstcultur",
     4,
     "",
     "38",
     "b1",
     12
    ],
    [
     21,
     "11a",
     "Unterland",
     "clastic",
     "Buntsandstein",
     "Bunter sandstone",
     "ist sehr verschiedenartig … dann ist er von mittler Güte",
     3,
     "von »Gaux« (unfruchtbar) bis gut, je nach Letten- und Kalkgehalt",
     "39",
     "b2",
     19
    ],
    [
     22,
     "12c",
     "Unterland",
     "clastic",
     "Tertiäre Sande und Gerölle",
     "Tertiary sands and gravels",
     "einen wenig fruchtbaren Boden",
     2,
     "",
     "40",
     "b3",
     24
    ],
    [
     23,
     "13a",
     "Unterland",
     "clastic",
     "Eiszeitliche Gerölle",
     "Ice-age gravels",
     "einen Boden von nur mittler Fruchtbarkeit",
     3,
     "",
     "40",
     "b4",
     20
    ],
    [
     24,
     "13c",
     "Unterland",
     "clastic",
     "Alluviale Thone im Elsterthal",
     "Alluvial clays in the Elster valley",
     "Erstere geben einen sehr fruchtbaren",
     5,
     "",
     "41",
     "b1",
     8
    ],
    [
     25,
     "13c",
     "Unterland",
     "clastic",
     "Alluviale Gerölle im Elsterthal",
     "Alluvial gravels in the Elster valley",
     "letztere einen sehr mittelmäßigen Boden, der stellenweise geradezu schlecht genannt werden muß",
     2,
     "",
     "41",
     "b1",
     25
    ]
   ],
   "source_refs": [
    {
     "page": "26",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "26",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "26",
     "block": "b5"
    },
    {
     "page": "27",
     "block": "b4"
    },
    {
     "page": "28",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "28",
     "block": "b4"
    },
    {
     "page": "28",
     "block": "b5"
    },
    {
     "page": "30",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "30",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "31",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "31",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "32",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "33",
     "block": "b4"
    },
    {
     "page": "34",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "34",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "35",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "36",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "37",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "37",
     "block": "b4"
    },
    {
     "page": "38",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "39",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "40",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "40",
     "block": "b4"
    },
    {
     "page": "41",
     "block": "b1"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "resources",
   "title": {
    "de": "Rohstoffe der Formationen nach Liebe",
    "en": "Resources of the formations according to Liebe"
   },
   "columns": [
    {
     "name": "formation_no",
     "label": {
      "de": "Formation (Nummer bei Liebe)",
      "en": "Formation (number in Liebe)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "Hauptnummern 1–13 der Gliederung (1 = Kambrium … 13 = Eiszeit/Alluvium); Reihenfolge alt → jung"
    },
    {
     "name": "formation",
     "label": {
      "de": "Formation",
      "en": "Formation"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "Kurzbezeichnung nach Liebe"
    },
    {
     "name": "formation_en",
     "label": {
      "de": "Formation (englisch)",
      "en": "Formation (English)"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "region",
     "label": {
      "de": "Landesteil",
      "en": "Part of the country"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "note": "Oberland = 1–8, Unterland = 9–13 (Liebes Teile A. und B.)"
    },
    {
     "name": "resource",
     "label": {
      "de": "Rohstoff (Code)",
      "en": "Resource (code)"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "resource_order",
     "label": {
      "de": "Rohstoff (Ordnung)",
      "en": "Resource (order)"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "resource_de",
     "label": {
      "de": "Rohstoff",
      "en": "Resource"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "resource_en",
     "label": {
      "de": "Rohstoff (englisch)",
      "en": "Resource (English)"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "status",
     "label": {
      "de": "Nutzung",
      "en": "Use"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "worked = genutzt bzw. abgebaut (auch: berühmt, in Betrieb), formerly = früher genutzt, aufgelassen, occurs = nur vorkommend, unbedeutend oder nicht abbauwürdig; editorische Einordnung des Wortlauts"
    },
    {
     "name": "evidence",
     "label": {
      "de": "Wortlaut",
      "en": "Wording"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "localities",
     "label": {
      "de": "Orte / Bemerkung",
      "en": "Places / remark"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "page",
     "label": {
      "de": "Seite",
      "en": "Page"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "block",
     "label": {
      "de": "Block",
      "en": "Block"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    }
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     1,
     "Kambrium",
     "Cambrian",
     "Oberland",
     "iron",
     1,
     "Eisenerz",
     "Iron ore",
     "worked",
     "Weit wichtiger sind die Gänge von Spatheisenstein",
     "Rücken zwischen Dobareuther und Ullersreuther Thal (Grube »Arme Hilfe«), Tännig bei Lobenstein, Pottiga",
     "27",
     "b2"
    ],
    [
     1,
     "Kambrium",
     "Cambrian",
     "Oberland",
     "building",
     7,
     "Bausteine, Bausand",
     "Building stone, sand",
     "worked",
     "als Ersatzmittel für Sand beim Bauen benutzt",
     "Granit bei Helmsgrün, zu Grieß verwittert",
     "26",
     "b4"
    ],
    [
     2,
     "Unteres Silur",
     "Lower Silurian",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     5,
     "Dachschiefer",
     "Roofing slate",
     "worked",
     "stehen die Dachschieferbrüche von Ullersreuth, Blintendorf, Helmsgrün, Heinersdorf",
     "Ullersreuth, Blintendorf, Helmsgrün, Heinersdorf",
     "28",
     "b1"
    ],
    [
     2,
     "Unteres Silur",
     "Lower Silurian",
     "Oberland",
     "iron",
     1,
     "Eisenerz",
     "Iron ore",
     "occurs",
     "Gänge von Eisenspath und von aus ihm entstandenem Brauneisenstein in guter Anzahl anstehen",
     "Eisenspatgänge, Brauneisenstein",
     "28",
     "b3"
    ],
    [
     3,
     "Mittleres Silur",
     "Middle Silurian",
     "Oberland",
     "alum",
     4,
     "Alaunschiefer",
     "Alum shale",
     "formerly",
     "früher als Alaunschiefer zur Bereitung von Alaun und Eisenvitriol abgebaut",
     "Gräfenwarth, Gottliebsthal",
     "28",
     "b5"
    ],
    [
     3,
     "Mittleres Silur",
     "Middle Silurian",
     "Oberland",
     "road",
     8,
     "Straßenmaterial",
     "Road metal",
     "worked",
     "Die wichtigste Verwendung des Kieselschiefers ist aber die zur Beschotterung der Straßen",
     "Kieselschiefer auf einer Packlage von Grünstein: die Chausseen des Oberlandes",
     "28",
     "b5"
    ],
    [
     3,
     "Mittleres Silur",
     "Middle Silurian",
     "Oberland",
     "antimony",
     2,
     "Antimonerz",
     "Antimony ore",
     "formerly",
     "Noch bis vor Kurzem wurden die Erze abgebaut",
     "Gruben »Heinrichsfreude« und »Halbmondfundgrube«, ältere Baue bei Schleiz und Weckersdorf",
     "30",
     "b3"
    ],
    [
     3,
     "Mittleres Silur",
     "Middle Silurian",
     "Oberland",
     "iron",
     1,
     "Eisenerz",
     "Iron ore",
     "occurs",
     "Unbedeutend sind die Eisenerzvorkommnisse innerhalb dieser Formation",
     "Brauneisenstein bei Lössau, Rotheisenstein bei Oberböhmsdorf",
     "30",
     "b4"
    ],
    [
     4,
     "Oberes Silur (Tentaculiten)",
     "Upper Silurian (tentaculites)",
     "Oberland",
     "limestone",
     6,
     "Kalkstein",
     "Limestone",
     "occurs",
     "die Verwendbarkeit des Kalkes zum Brennen wegen seiner Unreinheit sehr schlecht",
     "Kalklager in der Nähe der Nereitenschichten",
     "31",
     "b1"
    ],
    [
     4,
     "Oberes Silur (Tentaculiten)",
     "Upper Silurian (tentaculites)",
     "Oberland",
     "building",
     7,
     "Bausteine, Bausand",
     "Building stone, sand",
     "worked",
     "unter dem Namen Sand zum Bereiten des Mörtels beim Bauen verwendet",
     "Grünsteingrieß bei Schleiz (Sandberge), Wüstendittersdorf, Triebes, Weckersdorf",
     "32",
     "b1"
    ],
    [
     4,
     "Oberes Silur (Tentaculiten)",
     "Upper Silurian (tentaculites)",
     "Oberland",
     "iron",
     1,
     "Eisenerz",
     "Iron ore",
     "occurs",
     "daß ein Abbau darauf vorgenommen werden könnte",
     "Rotheisenerz an den Grünsteinwänden, meist zu geringmächtig",
     "32",
     "b2"
    ],
    [
     5,
     "Phyllodocitesschiefer",
     "Phyllodocite slate",
     "Oberland",
     "slate",
     5,
     "Dachschiefer",
     "Roofing slate",
     "worked",
     "stehen die Dachschieferbrüche von Gebersreuth, am Franzensberg, bei Benignengrün",
     "Gebersreuth, Franzensberg, Benignengrün (Wurzbach), Vogelberg",
     "32",
     "b3"
    ],
    [
     5,
     "Phyllodocitesschiefer",
     "Phyllodocite slate",
     "Oberland",
     "limestone",
     6,
     "Kalkstein",
     "Limestone",
     "worked",
     "Der Kalk in den Brüchen auf der Kalch bei Wurzbach gehört wahrscheinlich hierher",
     "Franzensberg, Blankenstein, Kalch bei Wurzbach",
     "33",
     "b2"
    ],
    [
     6,
     "Devonische Tuffe",
     "Devonian tuffs",
     "Oberland",
     "iron",
     1,
     "Eisenerz",
     "Iron ore",
     "worked",
     "Gänge mit Spatheisenstein, daraus entstandenem Brauneisenstein und Graunickelkies, welche noch abgebaut werden",
     "kleine Friesa bei Lobenstein; Rotheisenstein allenthalben häufig",
     "34",
     "b2"
    ],
    [
     6,
     "Devonische Tuffe",
     "Devonian tuffs",
     "Oberland",
     "nonferrous",
     3,
     "Kupfer-/Nickelerz",
     "Copper/nickel ore",
     "worked",
     "Graunickelkies, welche noch abgebaut werden",
     "Graunickelkies an der kleinen Friesa; Kupferkies und Fahlerz bei Schleiz und Löhma längst auflässig",
     "34",
     "b2"
    ],
    [
     7,
     "Cypridinenschiefer, Clymenienkalk",
     "Cypridina slate, Clymenia limestone",
     "Oberland",
     "limestone",
     6,
     "Kalkstein",
     "Limestone",
     "worked",
     "Die Kalke lassen sich im Allgemeinen gut brennen",
     "Brüche an der Thomasmühle bei Schleiz, Pahren, Kirschkau",
     "35",
     "b1"
    ],
    [
     7,
     "Cypridinenschiefer, Clymenienkalk",
     "Cypridina slate, Clymenia limestone",
     "Oberland",
     "building",
     7,
     "Bausteine, Bausand",
     "Building stone, sand",
     "worked",
     "giebt der Clymenienkalk aber noch gute Bausteine",
     "Clymenienkalk, auch poliert für Tischplatten und Grabmäler",
     "35",
     "b1"
    ],
    [
     7,
     "Cypridinenschiefer, Clymenienkalk",
     "Cypridina slate, Clymenia limestone",
     "Oberland",
     "iron",
     1,
     "Eisenerz",
     "Iron ore",
     "worked",
     "eine Menge theils auflässiger, theils noch gangbarer Gruben",
     "Strich von Oschitz bis Göschitz; großes Glanzeisenerz-Lager bei Ebersdorf/Schönbrunn",
     "36",
     "b3"
    ],
    [
     8,
     "Kulm",
     "Culm",
     "Oberland",
     "building",
     7,
     "Bausteine, Bausand",
     "Building stone, sand",
     "worked",
     "Die Grauwackenbänke liefern gute Bausteine",
     "Brüche bei Plothen und Dittersdorf",
     "37",
     "b1"
    ],
    [
     8,
     "Kulm",
     "Culm",
     "Oberland",
     "coal",
     10,
     "Kohle",
     "Coal",
     "occurs",
     "finden sich in der Grauwacke Nester von Kohlenblende",
     "Carolinenfeld, Schleizer Streitwald",
     "36",
     "b6"
    ],
    [
     10,
     "Zechstein",
     "Zechstein",
     "Unterland",
     "limestone",
     6,
     "Kalkstein",
     "Limestone",
     "worked",
     "Sie werden gebrannt und zum Pflastern verwendet",
     "Kalk- und Mergelzechstein",
     "38",
     "b1"
    ],
    [
     10,
     "Zechstein",
     "Zechstein",
     "Unterland",
     "building",
     7,
     "Bausteine, Bausand",
     "Building stone, sand",
     "worked",
     "aus einer großen Anzahl von Steinbrüchen Bausteine und Wegebaumaterial",
     "Rauchwacke und obere Kalkplatten",
     "38",
     "b1"
    ],
    [
     10,
     "Zechstein",
     "Zechstein",
     "Unterland",
     "nonferrous",
     3,
     "Kupfer-/Nickelerz",
     "Copper/nickel ore",
     "formerly",
     "Sehr stark ist die Ausbeute wohl nie gewesen",
     "Kupfererze im Weißliegenden bei Trebnitz, bei Gera verhüttet",
     "38",
     "b2"
    ],
    [
     10,
     "Zechstein",
     "Zechstein",
     "Unterland",
     "gypsum",
     9,
     "Gips, Salz",
     "Gypsum, salt",
     "worked",
     "vollkommen gesättigte Salzsohle in hinreichender Menge",
     "Gipsstöcke bei Thieschitz, Rubitz, Köstritz; Salzsohle der Saline Heinrichshall",
     "38",
     "b3"
    ],
    [
     11,
     "Buntsandstein",
     "Bunter sandstone",
     "Unterland",
     "building",
     7,
     "Bausteine, Bausand",
     "Building stone, sand",
     "worked",
     "liefert dann gute Werkstücke, die weithin verführt werden",
     "Brüche von Falke, Kraftsdorf, Harpersdorf, Rüdersdorf",
     "39",
     "b2"
    ],
    [
     11,
     "Buntsandstein",
     "Bunter sandstone",
     "Unterland",
     "iron",
     1,
     "Eisenerz",
     "Iron ore",
     "formerly",
     "daß man sonst diese Erze bergmännisch gewonnen hat",
     "Ronneburger Höhe, Geiersberg",
     "39",
     "b3"
    ],
    [
     12,
     "Tertiär",
     "Tertiary",
     "Unterland",
     "coal",
     10,
     "Kohle",
     "Coal",
     "worked",
     "das seeligenstädter hingegen wird unter Tag noch bergmännisch fortbetrieben",
     "Braunkohle bei Seeligenstädt (in Betrieb) und Kleinaga (auflässig)",
     "40",
     "b2"
    ],
    [
     12,
     "Tertiär",
     "Tertiary",
     "Unterland",
     "road",
     8,
     "Straßenmaterial",
     "Road metal",
     "worked",
     "desto wichtiger aber sind sie als Pflastermaterial",
     "Süßwassersandstein (»Wacke«); die Pflastersteine für Gera kommen aus der zeitzer Gegend",
     "40",
     "b1"
    ],
    [
     13,
     "Eiszeit, Alluvium",
     "Ice age, alluvium",
     "Unterland",
     "road",
     8,
     "Straßenmaterial",
     "Road metal",
     "worked",
     "ein sehr mittelmäßiges Straßenmaterial, aber ein gutes Material für Fußwege",
     "Eiszeitgerölle bei Ronneburg, Trebnitz, Loitzsch",
     "40",
     "b4"
    ]
   ],
   "source_refs": [
    {
     "page": "26",
     "block": "b4"
    },
    {
     "page": "27",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "28",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "28",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "28",
     "block": "b5"
    },
    {
     "page": "30",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "30",
     "block": "b4"
    },
    {
     "page": "31",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "32",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "32",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "32",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "33",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "34",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "35",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "36",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "36",
     "block": "b6"
    },
    {
     "page": "37",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "38",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "38",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "38",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "39",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "39",
     "block": "b3"
    },
    {
     "page": "40",
     "block": "b1"
    },
    {
     "page": "40",
     "block": "b2"
    },
    {
     "page": "40",
     "block": "b4"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "zechstein",
   "title": {
    "de": "Funde im Zechstein von Gera",
    "en": "Finds in the Zechstein of Gera"
   },
   "columns": [
    {
     "name": "order",
     "label": {
      "de": "Reihenfolge im Text",
      "en": "Order in the text"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "taxon",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gruppe (wie gedruckt)",
      "en": "Group (as printed)"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "note": "»Kammerschnecke« im Druck; die Textübertragung liest »Kammschnecke« (Faksimile S. 38 geprüft)."
    },
    {
     "name": "taxon_en",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gruppe (englisch, modern)",
      "en": "Group (English, modern)"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "taxon_group",
     "label": {
      "de": "Großgruppe",
      "en": "Major group"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "editorische Einteilung"
    },
    {
     "name": "qualifier",
     "label": {
      "de": "Zusatz",
      "en": "Qualifier"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "note": "»über« = Mindestzahl"
    },
    {
     "name": "species",
     "label": {
      "de": "Zahl der Arten",
      "en": "Number of species"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Arten",
     "note": "Bei »3 Röhrenwürmer« u. ä. nennt der Text keine Einheit; gemeint sind vermutlich Arten."
    },
    {
     "name": "klasse",
     "label": {
      "de": "Klasse für die Hervorhebung",
      "en": "Class used for highlighting"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "editorisch: Muscheln, Armfüßer, Kopffüßer (nach Liebes Bezeichnung), sonst übrige"
    }
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     1,
     "Fische",
     "fishes",
     "vertebrate",
     "",
     7,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     2,
     "Schwimmkrebse",
     "ostracods (“swimming crustaceans”)",
     "arthropod",
     "über",
     7,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     3,
     "Röhrenwürmer",
     "tube worms",
     "other",
     "",
     3,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     4,
     "Kammerschnecke",
     "chambered snail (nautiloid)",
     "mollusc",
     "",
     1,
     "cephalopod"
    ],
    [
     5,
     "Seeschnecken",
     "sea snails",
     "mollusc",
     "",
     9,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     6,
     "ächte Muscheln",
     "true bivalves",
     "mollusc",
     "",
     25,
     "bivalve"
    ],
    [
     7,
     "Armfußmuscheln",
     "brachiopods (lamp shells)",
     "brachiopod",
     "",
     20,
     "brachiopod"
    ],
    [
     8,
     "Strahlthiere",
     "echinoderms (“radiates”)",
     "other",
     "",
     2,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     9,
     "Corallen",
     "corals",
     "other",
     "",
     8,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     10,
     "Wurzelfüßer",
     "foraminifera (rhizopods)",
     "other",
     "",
     2,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     11,
     "Seeschwämme",
     "sponges",
     "other",
     "",
     2,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     12,
     "Seetange",
     "seaweeds",
     "plant",
     "",
     3,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     13,
     "Farne",
     "ferns",
     "plant",
     "",
     2,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     14,
     "Nadelhölzer",
     "conifers",
     "plant",
     "",
     4,
     "other"
    ]
   ],
   "source_refs": [
    {
     "page": "38",
     "block": "b1"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "clymenien",
   "title": {
    "de": "Funde im Clymenienkalk",
    "en": "Finds in the Clymenia limestone"
   },
   "columns": [
    {
     "name": "order",
     "label": {
      "de": "Reihenfolge im Text",
      "en": "Order in the text"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "taxon",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gruppe (wie gedruckt)",
      "en": "Group (as printed)"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null
    },
    {
     "name": "taxon_en",
     "label": {
      "de": "Gruppe (englisch, modern)",
      "en": "Group (English, modern)"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true
    },
    {
     "name": "taxon_group",
     "label": {
      "de": "Großgruppe",
      "en": "Major group"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "editorische Einteilung"
    },
    {
     "name": "species",
     "label": {
      "de": "Zahl der Arten",
      "en": "Number of species"
     },
     "type": "integer",
     "unit": "Arten",
     "derived": true,
     "note": "Im Druck als Zahlwörter (vier, zwei, …) geschrieben und hier in Ziffern übertragen."
    },
    {
     "name": "klasse",
     "label": {
      "de": "Klasse für die Hervorhebung",
      "en": "Class used for highlighting"
     },
     "type": "string",
     "unit": null,
     "derived": true,
     "note": "editorisch: Muscheln, Armfüßer, Kopffüßer (nach Liebes Bezeichnung), sonst übrige"
    }
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     1,
     "Schwimmkrebse",
     "ostracods (“swimming crustaceans”)",
     "arthropod",
     4,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     2,
     "Ruderkrebse",
     "trilobites (“oar crustaceans”)",
     "arthropod",
     2,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     3,
     "Gradhorn",
     "straight-horn cephalopods (Orthoceras)",
     "mollusc",
     4,
     "cephalopod"
    ],
    [
     4,
     "Keulenhorn",
     "club-horn cephalopods",
     "mollusc",
     3,
     "cephalopod"
    ],
    [
     5,
     "Clymenien",
     "clymenias (coiled cephalopods)",
     "mollusc",
     6,
     "cephalopod"
    ],
    [
     6,
     "Goniatiten",
     "goniatites (coiled cephalopods)",
     "mollusc",
     8,
     "cephalopod"
    ],
    [
     7,
     "Schwimmschnecken",
     "swimming snails (incl. 3 tentaculites)",
     "mollusc",
     5,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     8,
     "Seeschnecken",
     "sea snails",
     "mollusc",
     4,
     "other"
    ],
    [
     9,
     "Muscheln",
     "bivalves",
     "mollusc",
     6,
     "bivalve"
    ]
   ],
   "source_refs": [
    {
     "page": "35",
     "block": "b1"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "charts": [
  {
   "id": "c1",
   "dataset": "soils",
   "title": {
    "de": "Auf Grünstein und Diabas wachsen die besten Böden, auf Schiefer nur mittlere",
    "en": "The best soils lie on greenstone and diabase, only medium ones on slate"
   },
   "caption": {
    "de": "Bodengüte der 25 von Liebe beschriebenen Gesteinseinheiten, aus seinen Worten (»sehr fruchtbar«, »mittlerer Güte« …) in fünf Stufen eingeordnet. Blau: Grünstein, Diabas, Tuff. Quelle: S. 26 bis 41.",
    "en": "Soil quality of the 25 rock units Liebe describes, graded in five steps from his words (“very fertile”, “of medium quality” …). Blue: greenstone, diabase, tuff. Source: pp. 26 to 41."
   },
   "vegalite": {
    "height": {
     "step": 20
    },
    "transform": [
     {
      "calculate": {
       "de": "datum.formation",
       "en": "datum.formation_en"
      },
      "as": "label"
     }
    ],
    "encoding": {
     "y": {
      "field": "label",
      "type": "nominal",
      "sort": {
       "field": "rang_gueteliste",
       "op": "min"
      },
      "axis": {
       "title": null,
       "labelLimit": 400
      }
     }
    },
    "layer": [
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "rule",
       "strokeWidth": 1.4
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "soil_grade",
        "type": "quantitative",
        "scale": {
         "domain": [
          1.6,
          5.4
         ]
        },
        "axis": {
         "title": {
          "de": "Fruchtbarkeit des Bodens",
          "en": "Soil fertility"
         },
         "values": [
          2,
          3,
          4,
          5
         ],
         "labelExpr": {
          "de": "datum.value == 2 ? 'wenig' : datum.value == 3 ? 'mittel' : datum.value == 4 ? 'gut' : datum.value == 5 ? 'sehr gut' : ''",
          "en": "datum.value == 2 ? 'poor' : datum.value == 3 ? 'medium' : datum.value == 4 ? 'good' : datum.value == 5 ? 'very good' : ''"
         },
         "labelOverlap": false,
         "grid": true
        }
       },
       "x2": {
        "datum": 1.6
       },
       "color": {
        "condition": {
         "test": "datum.rock_group == 'greenstone'",
         "value": "@accent"
        },
        "value": "@context"
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 95,
       "opacity": 1
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "field": "soil_grade",
        "type": "quantitative"
       },
       "color": {
        "condition": {
         "test": "datum.rock_group == 'greenstone'",
         "value": "@accent"
        },
        "value": "@muted"
       },
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "formation",
         "title": {
          "de": "Einheit",
          "en": "Unit"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "section",
         "title": {
          "de": "Liebes Gliederung",
          "en": "Liebe’s numbering"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "region",
         "title": {
          "de": "Landesteil",
          "en": "Part"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "soil_grade",
         "title": {
          "de": "Stufe (1 bis 5)",
          "en": "Grade (1 to 5)"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "quote",
         "title": {
          "de": "Liebes Wortlaut",
          "en": "Liebe’s wording"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "remark",
         "title": {
          "de": "Bemerkung",
          "en": "Remark"
         }
        }
       ]
      }
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "c2",
   "dataset": "resources",
   "title": {
    "de": "Eisenerz kommt in sieben Formationen vor, Salz und Gips nur im Zechstein",
    "en": "Iron ore occurs in seven formations, salt and gypsum only in the Zechstein"
   },
   "caption": {
    "de": "Nutzbare Stoffe je Formation nach Liebe, nach Alter geordnet (oben das älteste Oberland-Gestein), mit Angabe, ob sie genutzt werden. Für das Rothliegende nennt Liebe keinen Rohstoff. Quelle: S. 26 bis 40.",
    "en": "Usable materials per formation according to Liebe, ordered by age (oldest Oberland rock at the top), with the state of use. For the Rotliegend Liebe names no resource. Source: pp. 26 to 40."
   },
   "vegalite": {
    "height": {
     "step": 26
    },
    "transform": [
     {
      "calculate": {
       "de": "datum.resource_de",
       "en": "datum.resource_en"
      },
      "as": "res_label"
     },
     {
      "calculate": {
       "de": "datum.status == 'worked' ? 'genutzt' : datum.status == 'formerly' ? 'früher genutzt' : 'nur vorkommend'",
       "en": "datum.status == 'worked' ? 'worked' : datum.status == 'formerly' ? 'formerly worked' : 'merely occurring'"
      },
      "as": "status_label"
     },
     {
      "calculate": {
       "de": "datum.formation",
       "en": "datum.formation_en"
      },
      "as": "formation_l"
     }
    ],
    "encoding": {
     "y": {
      "field": "formation_l",
      "type": "nominal",
      "sort": {
       "field": "formation_no",
       "op": "min"
      },
      "axis": {
       "title": null,
       "labelLimit": 420
      }
     },
     "x": {
      "field": "res_label",
      "type": "nominal",
      "sort": {
       "op": "count",
       "order": "descending"
      },
      "axis": {
       "orient": "top",
       "title": null,
       "labelAngle": -40,
       "labelAlign": "left",
       "labelLimit": 260,
       "grid": true,
       "ticks": false
      }
     }
    },
    "layer": [
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.region == 'Oberland'"
       },
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "min",
          "field": "formation_no",
          "as": "formation_no"
         }
        ],
        "groupby": [
         "formation_l"
        ]
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "rect",
       "color": "@accent2",
       "opacity": 0.12,
       "clip": true
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": null,
       "y": {
        "field": "formation_l",
        "type": "nominal",
        "sort": {
         "field": "formation_no",
         "op": "min"
        },
        "axis": {
         "title": null,
         "labelLimit": 420
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.region == 'Unterland'"
       },
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "min",
          "field": "formation_no",
          "as": "formation_no"
         }
        ],
        "groupby": [
         "formation_l"
        ]
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "rect",
       "color": "@accent",
       "opacity": 0.12,
       "clip": true
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": null,
       "y": {
        "field": "formation_l",
        "type": "nominal",
        "sort": {
         "field": "formation_no",
         "op": "min"
        },
        "axis": {
         "title": null,
         "labelLimit": 420
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.status == 'worked'"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 200,
       "color": "@ink",
       "strokeWidth": 0
      },
      "encoding": {
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "formation",
         "title": {
          "de": "Formation",
          "en": "Formation"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "resource_de",
         "title": {
          "de": "Rohstoff",
          "en": "Resource"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "status_label",
         "title": {
          "de": "Nutzung",
          "en": "Use"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "localities",
         "title": {
          "de": "Orte",
          "en": "Places"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "evidence",
         "title": {
          "de": "Liebes Wortlaut",
          "en": "Liebe’s wording"
         }
        }
       ]
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.status == 'formerly'"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": false,
       "size": 200,
       "color": "@ink",
       "strokeWidth": 2.2
      },
      "encoding": {
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "formation",
         "title": {
          "de": "Formation",
          "en": "Formation"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "resource_de",
         "title": {
          "de": "Rohstoff",
          "en": "Resource"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "status_label",
         "title": {
          "de": "Nutzung",
          "en": "Use"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "localities",
         "title": {
          "de": "Orte",
          "en": "Places"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "evidence",
         "title": {
          "de": "Liebes Wortlaut",
          "en": "Liebe’s wording"
         }
        }
       ]
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "filter": "datum.status == 'occurs'"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 80,
       "color": "@muted",
       "strokeWidth": 0
      },
      "encoding": {
       "tooltip": [
        {
         "field": "formation",
         "title": {
          "de": "Formation",
          "en": "Formation"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "resource_de",
         "title": {
          "de": "Rohstoff",
          "en": "Resource"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "status_label",
         "title": {
          "de": "Nutzung",
          "en": "Use"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "localities",
         "title": {
          "de": "Orte",
          "en": "Places"
         }
        },
        {
         "field": "evidence",
         "title": {
          "de": "Liebes Wortlaut",
          "en": "Liebe’s wording"
         }
        }
       ]
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 0"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 200,
       "color": "@ink",
       "strokeWidth": 0
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 8
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 342
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 0"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "annotation",
       "align": "left",
       "baseline": "middle",
       "dx": 12
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 8
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 342
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "genutzt",
         "en": "worked"
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 1"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": false,
       "size": 200,
       "color": "@ink",
       "strokeWidth": 2.2
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 74
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 342
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 1"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "annotation",
       "align": "left",
       "baseline": "middle",
       "dx": 12
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 74
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 342
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "früher genutzt",
         "en": "formerly worked"
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 2"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 80,
       "color": "@muted",
       "strokeWidth": 0
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 192
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 342
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 2"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "annotation",
       "align": "left",
       "baseline": "middle",
       "dx": 12
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 192
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 342
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "nur vorkommend",
         "en": "merely occurring"
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 3"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "shape": "square",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 220,
       "color": "@accent2",
       "opacity": 0.35,
       "strokeWidth": 0
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 8
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 368
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 3"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "annotation",
       "align": "left",
       "baseline": "middle",
       "dx": 12
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 8
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 368
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "Oberland",
         "en": "Oberland"
        }
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 4"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "point",
       "shape": "square",
       "filled": true,
       "size": 220,
       "color": "@accent",
       "opacity": 0.35,
       "strokeWidth": 0
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 92
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 368
       }
      }
     },
     {
      "transform": [
       {
        "aggregate": [
         {
          "op": "count",
          "as": "n"
         }
        ]
       },
       {
        "calculate": "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",
        "as": "k"
       },
       {
        "flatten": [
         "k"
        ]
       },
       {
        "filter": "datum.k == 4"
       }
      ],
      "mark": {
       "type": "text",
       "style": "annotation",
       "align": "left",
       "baseline": "middle",
       "dx": 12
      },
      "encoding": {
       "x": {
        "value": 92
       },
       "y": {
        "value": 368
       },
       "text": {
        "value": {
         "de": "Unterland",
         "en": "Unterland"
        }
       }
      }
     }
    ],
    "padding": {
     "top": 4,
     "left": 4,
     "right": 4,
     "bottom": 66
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "c3",
   "dataset": "zechstein",
   "extra_datasets": [
    "clymenien"
   ],
   "title": {
    "de": "Im Zechstein überwiegen Muscheln und Armfüßer, im Clymenienkalk Kopffüßer",
    "en": "Bivalves and brachiopods prevail in the Zechstein, cephalopods in the Clymenia limestone"
   },
   "caption": {
    "de": "Von Liebe gezählte Arten von Versteinerungen je Gruppe, wie er sie nennt. Blau: Muscheln, orange: Armfüßer, grün: Kopffüßer. Beide Listen sind Zwischenstände (»bis jetzt gefunden«). Quelle: S. 35 und 38.",
    "en": "Fossil species counted by Liebe per group, as he names them. Blue: bivalves, orange: brachiopods, green: cephalopods. Both lists are interim tallies (“so far found”). Source: pp. 35 and 38."
   },
   "vegalite": {
    "vconcat": [
     {
      "data": {
       "name": "zechstein"
      },
      "width": 440,
      "height": {
       "step": 21
      },
      "title": {
       "text": {
        "de": "Zechstein von Gera: 95 Arten in 14 Gruppen",
        "en": "Zechstein of Gera: 95 species in 14 groups"
       },
       "anchor": "start",
       "fontSize": 13,
       "offset": 6
      },
      "transform": [
       {
        "calculate": {
         "de": "datum.taxon",
         "en": "datum.taxon_en"
        },
        "as": "label"
       },
       {
        "calculate": {
         "de": "isValid(datum.qualifier) && datum.qualifier == 'über' ? 'über ' + datum.species : '' + datum.species",
         "en": "isValid(datum.qualifier) && datum.qualifier == 'über' ? 'over ' + datum.species : '' + datum.species"
        },
        "as": "wert"
       }
      ],
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "label",
        "type": "nominal",
        "sort": {
         "field": "species",
         "op": "max",
         "order": "descending"
        },
        "axis": {
         "title": null,
         "labelLimit": 400,
         "labelAlign": "left",
         "labelPadding": 232,
         "minExtent": 235
        }
       }
      },
      "layer": [
       {
        "mark": {
         "type": "bar",
         "cornerRadiusEnd": 3
        },
        "encoding": {
         "x": {
          "field": "species",
          "type": "quantitative",
          "scale": {
           "domain": [
            0,
            30
           ]
          },
          "axis": {
           "title": null,
           "values": [
            0,
            5,
            10,
            15,
            20,
            25,
            30
           ]
          }
         },
         "color": {
          "condition": [
           {
            "test": "datum.klasse == 'bivalve'",
            "value": "@accent"
           },
           {
            "test": "datum.klasse == 'brachiopod'",
            "value": "@accent2"
           },
           {
            "test": "datum.klasse == 'cephalopod'",
            "value": "@accent3"
           }
          ],
          "value": "@context"
         },
         "tooltip": [
          {
           "field": "taxon",
           "title": {
            "de": "Gruppe (Liebe)",
            "en": "Group (Liebe)"
           }
          },
          {
           "field": "taxon_en",
           "title": {
            "de": "Gruppe, englisch",
            "en": "Group, English"
           }
          },
          {
           "field": "species",
           "title": {
            "de": "Arten",
            "en": "Species"
           }
          }
         ]
        }
       },
       {
        "mark": {
         "type": "text",
         "align": "left",
         "dx": 5,
         "style": "label"
        },
        "encoding": {
         "x": {
          "field": "species",
          "type": "quantitative"
         },
         "text": {
          "field": "wert"
         }
        }
       }
      ]
     },
     {
      "data": {
       "name": "clymenien"
      },
      "width": 440,
      "height": {
       "step": 21
      },
      "title": {
       "text": {
        "de": "Clymenienkalk: 42 Arten in 9 Gruppen",
        "en": "Clymenia limestone: 42 species in 9 groups"
       },
       "anchor": "start",
       "fontSize": 13,
       "offset": 6
      },
      "transform": [
       {
        "calculate": {
         "de": "datum.taxon",
         "en": "datum.taxon_en"
        },
        "as": "label"
       },
       {
        "calculate": {
         "de": "isValid(datum.qualifier) && datum.qualifier == 'über' ? 'über ' + datum.species : '' + datum.species",
         "en": "isValid(datum.qualifier) && datum.qualifier == 'über' ? 'over ' + datum.species : '' + datum.species"
        },
        "as": "wert"
       }
      ],
      "encoding": {
       "y": {
        "field": "label",
        "type": "nominal",
        "sort": {
         "field": "species",
         "op": "max",
         "order": "descending"
        },
        "axis": {
         "title": null,
         "labelLimit": 400,
         "labelAlign": "left",
         "labelPadding": 232,
         "minExtent": 235
        }
       }
      },
      "layer": [
       {
        "mark": {
         "type": "bar",
         "cornerRadiusEnd": 3
        },
        "encoding": {
         "x": {
          "field": "species",
          "type": "quantitative",
          "scale": {
           "domain": [
            0,
            30
           ]
          },
          "axis": {
           "title": {
            "de": "Zahl der Arten",
            "en": "Number of species"
           },
           "values": [
            0,
            5,
            10,
            15,
            20,
            25,
            30
           ]
          }
         },
         "color": {
          "condition": [
           {
            "test": "datum.klasse == 'bivalve'",
            "value": "@accent"
           },
           {
            "test": "datum.klasse == 'brachiopod'",
            "value": "@accent2"
           },
           {
            "test": "datum.klasse == 'cephalopod'",
            "value": "@accent3"
           }
          ],
          "value": "@context"
         },
         "tooltip": [
          {
           "field": "taxon",
           "title": {
            "de": "Gruppe (Liebe)",
            "en": "Group (Liebe)"
           }
          },
          {
           "field": "taxon_en",
           "title": {
            "de": "Gruppe, englisch",
            "en": "Group, English"
           }
          },
          {
           "field": "species",
           "title": {
            "de": "Arten",
            "en": "Species"
           }
          }
         ]
        }
       },
       {
        "mark": {
         "type": "text",
         "align": "left",
         "dx": 5,
         "style": "label"
        },
        "encoding": {
         "x": {
          "field": "species",
          "type": "quantitative"
         },
         "text": {
          "field": "wert"
         }
        }
       }
      ]
     }
    ],
    "spacing": 22
   }
  }
 ],
 "keywords": {
  "de": [
   "Geologie",
   "Gesteine",
   "Böden",
   "Bodengüte",
   "Grünstein",
   "Diabas",
   "Schiefer",
   "Zechstein",
   "Eisenerz",
   "Versteinerungen",
   "Liebe"
  ],
  "en": [
   "geology",
   "rocks",
   "soils",
   "soil quality",
   "greenstone",
   "diabase",
   "slate",
   "Zechstein",
   "iron ore",
   "fossils",
   "Liebe"
  ]
 },
 "related": [
  "relief-hoehen",
  "gewaesser",
  "bergbau",
  "landwirtschaft"
 ],
 "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5 (Agent F1), aus 3 Einzelauswertungen zusammengeführt",
 "date": "2026-10-02"
}